Agriculture

Flooding of a swine CAFO (Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation) during Hurricane Floyd. Photo credit: Rick Dove, doveimaging.com.
Agriculture accounts for the vast majority of human water use, and is also responsible for contamination of groundwater, lakes, and rivers in many places around the world. But we need to grow food! How can we grow enough food for an increasing global population (and make sure everyone has enough food), while reducing our impact on land and water?
The answers are complex and involve choices about what foods we eat, as well as where and how we grow it. Of course, these questions touch other issues in addition to water (energy, land, food sovereignty, community stability, etc.), but here we use water quantity and quality as a lens on these questions.
Agricultural Water in the News
April 2025: “‘Thirstwaves’ Are Growing More Common Across the United States,” Eos
The availability of adequate water for evapotranspiration (ET) is a key factor in crop productivity. The amount of water needed for ET is a function of temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, and other factors. New research defines “thirstwaves” as periods of elevated ET demand, and identifies a trend of increasing thirstwave frequency, likely to increase with climate change.
Resources to Understand Agricultural Water
Agricultural water issues are discussed at some length in Chapter 18.